Top U.S. Biotech Clusters

Ref.: The Top Ten U.S. Biotech Clusters - Forbes.com
這個資料有點久了 (2004):

1. San Diego (100)
2. Boston (95.1)
3. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill (92.5)
4. San Jose (87.8)
5. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett (83.8)
6. Washington, D.C. (79.4)
7. Philadelphia (76.5)
8. San Francisco (75.8)
9. Oakland (74.3)
10. Los Angeles-Long Beach (66.5)
11. Orange County, CA (54.1)
12. Austin-San Marcos (47.8)

Ref.: World biotechnology and life sciences clusters
North America

Seattle, USA
San Francisco, USA
Los Angeles, USA
San Diego, USA
Saskatoon, Canada
*Minneapolis/St. Paul/Rochester USA
Austin, USA
Toronto, Canada
Montreal, Canada
Boston, USA
New York/New Jersey, USA
Philadelphia, USA
Baltimore/Washington, DC, USA
Research Triangle NC, USA

Ref.: Economic Realities of Clusters -- Communities Must Understand Opportunities and Drawbacks, GEN Vol. 29, No. 17, Oct. 2009

In spite of its growth in recent years, biotechnology remains a small percentage of metropolitan economies in communities such as Boston and San Diego. No biotech company is among the top 25 employers in Boston. In the Boston metro region only about 20,000 people are employed in the biopharmaceutical industry; and in the San Diego metropolitan area, which has over 2.8 million people, only about 10,614 are directly employed in biotechnology, so to date, even in successful biotechnology industry clusters only modest employment returns to regional economies have been produced.